Da filosofia e das suas tendências actuais

Recebi os resultados preliminares do recente inquérito da PhilPapers, dirigido por David Bourget e David Chalmers, a que responderam 3226 pessoas, sobre as posições numa série de questões que fazem a agenda filosófica contemporânea. Já neste blogue tive um desabafo sobre a filosofia dos últimos 2 séculos (Da filosofia nos séc. XIX e XX )... Mas considerando antes o que reconheci a essa velha disciplina intelectual em A Filosofia, os Seus Outros... e a Razão do Leigo (http://www.lusosofia.net/textos/albergaria_miguel_soares_de_a_filosofia.pdf), aqui incluo esses resultados.
2 notas prévias: em Uma cultivação em "T" assinalei que este blogue seria dedicado a explorações transdisciplinares e superficiais - o traço horizontal do T; mas será necessário complementar quaisquer movimentos como esse com o aprofundamento especializante do traço vertical. Este inquérito é um indicador das tendências actuais no aprofundamento de algumas das questões que estruturam este blogue. Questões sem resposta?... Pelo menos sobre um mundo além do sujeito que o percepciona, não é o que a estatística sobre o cepticismo revela que os filósofos pensam!

A priori knowledge: yes or no?

Accept or lean toward: yes	662 / 931 (71.1%)
Accept or lean toward: no	171 / 931 (18.3%)
Other	98 / 931 (10.5%)

Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?

Accept or lean toward: Platonism	366 / 931 (39.3%)
Accept or lean toward: nominalism	351 / 931 (37.7%)
Other	214 / 931 (22.9%)

Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?

Accept or lean toward: objective	382 / 931 (41%)
Accept or lean toward: subjective	321 / 931 (34.4%)
Other	228 / 931 (24.4%)

Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?

Accept or lean toward: yes	604 / 931 (64.8%)
Accept or lean toward: no	252 / 931 (27%)
Other	75 / 931 (8%)

Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?

Accept or lean toward: externalism	398 / 931 (42.7%)
Other	287 / 931 (30.8%)
Accept or lean toward: internalism	246 / 931 (26.4%)

External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?

Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism	760 / 931 (81.6%)
Other	86 / 931 (9.2%)
Accept or lean toward: skepticism	45 / 931 (4.8%)
Accept or lean toward: idealism	40 / 931 (4.2%)

Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?

Accept or lean toward: compatibilism	550 / 931 (59%)
Other	139 / 931 (14.9%)
Accept or lean toward: libertarianism	128 / 931 (13.7%)
Accept or lean toward: no free will	114 / 931 (12.2%)

God: theism or atheism?

Accept or lean toward: atheism	678 / 931 (72.8%)
Accept or lean toward: theism	136 / 931 (14.6%)
Other	117 / 931 (12.5%)

Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?

Accept or lean toward: contextualism	373 / 931 (40%)
Accept or lean toward: invariantism	290 / 931 (31.1%)
Other	241 / 931 (25.8%)
Accept or lean toward: relativism	27 / 931 (2.9%)

Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?

Other	346 / 931 (37.1%)
Accept or lean toward: empiricism	326 / 931 (35%)
Accept or lean toward: rationalism	259 / 931 (27.8%)

Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?

Accept or lean toward: non-Humean	532 / 931 (57.1%)
Accept or lean toward: Humean	230 / 931 (24.7%)
Other	169 / 931 (18.1%)

Logic: classical or non-classical?

Accept or lean toward: classical	480 / 931 (51.5%)
Other	308 / 931 (33%)
Accept or lean toward: non-classical	143 / 931 (15.3%)

Mental content: internalism or externalism?

Accept or lean toward: externalism	476 / 931 (51.1%)
Other	269 / 931 (28.8%)
Accept or lean toward: internalism	186 / 931 (19.9%)

Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?

Accept or lean toward: moral realism	525 / 931 (56.3%)
Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism	258 / 931 (27.7%)
Other	148 / 931 (15.8%)

Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?

Accept or lean toward: naturalism	464 / 931 (49.8%)
Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism	241 / 931 (25.8%)
Other	226 / 931 (24.2%)

Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?

Accept or lean toward: physicalism	526 / 931 (56.4%)
Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism	252 / 931 (27%)
Other	153 / 931 (16.4%)

Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?

Accept or lean toward: cognitivism	612 / 931 (65.7%)
Other	161 / 931 (17.2%)
Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism	158 / 931 (16.9%)

Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?

Other	329 / 931 (35.3%)
Accept or lean toward: internalism	325 / 931 (34.9%)
Accept or lean toward: externalism	277 / 931 (29.7%)

Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?

Other	441 / 931 (47.3%)
Accept or lean toward: two boxes	292 / 931 (31.3%)
Accept or lean toward: one box	198 / 931 (21.2%)

Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?

Other	301 / 931 (32.3%)
Accept or lean toward: deontology	241 / 931 (25.8%)
Accept or lean toward: consequentialism	220 / 931 (23.6%)
Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics	169 / 931 (18.1%)

Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?

Other	393 / 931 (42.2%)
Accept or lean toward: representationalism	293 / 931 (31.4%)
Accept or lean toward: qualia theory	114 / 931 (12.2%)
Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism	102 / 931 (10.9%)
Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory	29 / 931 (3.1%)

Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?

Other	347 / 931 (37.2%)
Accept or lean toward: psychological view	313 / 931 (33.6%)
Accept or lean toward: biological view	157 / 931 (16.8%)
Accept or lean toward: further-fact view	114 / 931 (12.2%)

Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?

Other	382 / 931 (41%)
Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism	324 / 931 (34.8%)
Accept or lean toward: communitarianism	133 / 931 (14.2%)
Accept or lean toward: libertarianism	92 / 931 (9.8%)

Proper names: Fregean or Millian?

Other	343 / 931 (36.8%)
Accept or lean toward: Millian	321 / 931 (34.4%)
Accept or lean toward: Fregean	267 / 931 (28.6%)

Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?

Accept or lean toward: scientific realism	699 / 931 (75%)
Other	124 / 931 (13.3%)
Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism	108 / 931 (11.6%)

Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?

Accept or lean toward: survival	337 / 931 (36.1%)
Other	304 / 931 (32.6%)
Accept or lean toward: death	290 / 931 (31.1%)

Time: A-theory or B-theory?

Other	542 / 931 (58.2%)
Accept or lean toward: B-theory	245 / 931 (26.3%)
Accept or lean toward: A-theory	144 / 931 (15.4%)

Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?

Accept or lean toward: switch	635 / 931 (68.2%)
Other	225 / 931 (24.1%)
Accept or lean toward: don't switch	71 / 931 (7.6%)

Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?

Accept or lean toward: correspondence	473 / 931 (50.8%)
Accept or lean toward: deflationary	231 / 931 (24.8%)
Other	163 / 931 (17.5%)
Accept or lean toward: epistemic	64 / 931 (6.8%)

Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?

Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible	331 / 931 (35.5%)
Other	234 / 931 (25.1%)
Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible	217 / 931 (23.3%)
Accept or lean toward: inconceivable	149 / 931 (16%)